Long Bone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Long Bone - Essay Example Every column is composed of lamellae, concentric bony layers, regularly arranged in a manner determined by the distribution of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves supplying the bone. These three structures are bundled together in central channels, called Haversian canals, surrounded by lamellae. These canals connect with each other through Volkmann's canals, which breach them perpendicularly. (Young, 2000) In a long bone, the epiphyses are mainly composed of spongy bone, while on the other hand; in the diaphysis, only a thin layer of spongy bone lines the inner surface of the shaft (immediately surrounding the medullary cavity). This type of bone is composed of a network of irregular bony plates, called trabeculae, separated from each other by a maze of intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow. These trabeculae consist of irregular lamellae with lacunae composed of osteocytes, which help in bone nutrition. They are also lined with a fine tissue layer, the endosteum, which contains osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. (Young, 2000) It is the large central cavity of a long bone that is mostly occupied by spongy bone. In premature beings, the cavities of most bones contain red (active) bone marrow that is responsible for the production of blood cells. In adults, red marrow is found only on specific sites while the rest of the cavity is filled with yellow (inactive) marrow, which is mostly adipose tissue. (Young, 2000) Nutrient Foramen: It is the outer opening of the nutrient canal in the shaft of a long bone. It is the point on the bone for the entrance of the nutrient artery, which is responsible for the blood supply to the medullary cavity of the long bone. (OMD, 2000) Diaphysis: Ossification progressively spreads from the primary center of ossification, i.e. the center of the long bone, towards the ends of the bone. The part of the long bone that develops from the primary center, that is, the shaft, is known as diaphysis. (Young, 2000) Epiphyses: At the secondary centers of ossification, located at the cartilaginous ends of the developing bone, cartilage is replaced by bone in the same way as it occurs at the primary centers. Parts of bone that develop from these centers, that is, the ends, are known as epiphyses. Proximal epiphyses refers to the end that grows towards the primary center, while distal epiphyses refers to the end that grows away from the primary center. (Young, 2000) Epiphyseal Plate: It is the plate of cartilage intervening between the diaphysis and epiphyses. This plate is responsible for the elongation of the bone during childhood and early adulthood through constant proliferation of the cartilage. At maturity, this plate is replaced by bone resulting in the fusion of the epiphyses and diaphysis. (Young, 2000) Epiphyseal Line: The junction of the epiphyses and diaphysis indicated later in life by a faint ridge on the outer surface of the long bone is called the Epiphyseal line. (Young, 2000) Articular Cartilage: It is a specialized hyaline cartilage that covers the articulating bone surfaces within the joints. Hence, it is responsible for the smooth movement of bones against one another in a joint.

Racing Neighbors Cause Crashing Communities Essay Example for Free

Racing Neighbors Cause Crashing Communities Essay Many neighborhoods face serious community problems because of certain factors and they have a certain effect on the people living in the communities. I live around a community where there are a lot of car street races which happen on a regular basis and it creates major chaos over the weekends. Seems like it is not a major issue, however, these street races cause major trouble to all the neighbors as it creates noise, causes accidents, creates trouble for all the stores around, for people travelling at night and so on. Every weekend, a specific parking lot in the town of Farmingdale is filled with Hot Rods, college students, high school students and even adults, not to mention, cops too. This is a huge parking lot outside a mall which has plenty of room for cars and is connected to a highway-route 110. It is the main attraction for guys and girls with hot rods. I heard a lot of stories about this location and about the races taking place there every weekend so I decided to take a look for myself before I could believe any of this. One night, I made a trip to this famous parking lot! At first, when I got to the parking lot, all I saw was a few random cars parked with some guys standing around them and talking to each other in groups. I parked my car there and stopped to watch what happens. I was extremely curious because I had only heard of these kind of scenes in movies and never thought it would be the reality. A little after 11pm, a group of cars came into the parking lot with extremely loud exhaust pipes and loud music. As they revved up the engines my adrenaline started pumping. I could not believe what my eyes saw. A large number of cars drove in and parked there. There were people of all different age groups coming in from high school students, to college students and even elderly men around the age of forty who wanted to show off their hot rods. Soon after, some drivers including female drives took their cars out into the driveway and started drifting and performing rolling burnouts to get the crowd excited. I stepped out of my car and stood there to watc h. These people were enjoying themselves with loud music, alcohol, dancing with girls and screaming and shouting. I was shocked when a few high school kids approached me to ask me  about my car because these kids were 9th graders who had sneaked out of their houses at midnight with their parents cars for these races. After around half an hour, a group of cars revved up their engines and started moving towards route 110 so I decided to follow. Once we got onto route 110 they start driving like crazy people over speeding and cutting lanes and eventually turned onto a street off route 110. This lane was completely isolated and there were barely any cars parked there so they lined up their cars there and made a roadblock at the two ends of the lane and started having drag races which made a lot of sound and obviously called in for cops. This is where the major problems from these races start. Once the cops come in, chaos occurs. These guys get into their cars and started racing off from these race sites in all different directions to avoid getting caught. They go onto the main roads and over speed causing accidents not only for themselves but even other innocent people. They also disturb so many people’s sleep at night with all the noise they create. They get into accidents, get caught and pay fines, cause trouble to other drivers on the road and so on. This is a major community problem as it attracts a lot of students in the community from not only colleges but also high schools. These kids have illegal modifications on their cars which adds to money in the black market. It also encourages many others to join this racing league which leads to accidents and deaths. There is a lot of illegal betting and gambling, underage drinking, over speeding and many such laws broken which cause serious community problems every weekend and according to me this should be checked and stopped as soon as possible!

SWOT Analysis of Starbucks

SWOT Analysis of Starbucks 1. INTRODUCTION The following content is a case study on Starbucks company one if the famous and well known coffee shop in the world. This case study highlights about the:  · SWOT ANALYSIS  · PESTLE ANALYSIS  · PORTERS FIVE FORCES The history of Starbucks takes us back in the year 1971. It is a trade mark of (SBUX) in Seattle. In the start it was a purchaser and roaster of whole coffee beans. In the year 1970 the first Starbucks out let opened which used to provide finest coffee and coffee related products to the thirsty people of Seattle. In the year 1990 Starbucks went global expanding in the United States and soon become a publicly traded company. In 2000 the company expended in more than 15000 outlets in around more than 15 countries. Starbucks mission statement is simple; to inspire and nurture the human spirit— one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time 2. Swot analysis for Starbucks 2.1 Strength * The Starbucks has a strong ethical values and also a strong ethical mission statement ‘Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business a positive approach towards had made Starbucks one of the no1 specialty retailer. * The market share and capitalization Starbucks owned  £4596.6 million and sales growth by 20.9% * Starbucks holds a strong position in the market wherein they have 8,500 shops owned by Starbucks directly and also around 6,500 shops on franchises and licences with excellent workforce and management that provide excellent service to the customer * In 2005 Starbucks was one of the fortunes in 100 companies to work for this was mainly because of the well efficient organisation resource management. 2.2 Weaknesses: * The key weakness of Starbucks is their weakened innovation and creativity that has limited them to coffee and coffee related products * As competitive pressure increases the lower price rivals such as Mc Donald or costa coffee can undercut the company profits as the Starbucks has premium brand with premium prices. * It only depends on coffee and coffee related products that give them a limited growth this criticises them from not using free trade products and a bad reputation from pressure group. * Since Starbucks is a US based company it mainly focuses on the domestic markets of US though Starbucks had grown worldwide none planning on the markets outside the US can affect the targeted profits. 2.3 Opportunities * Starbucks is global cooperation which sells coffee to about 16,000 coffee shops in over 35 countries, established relation with pepsi-co, barners and nobles, dreyrers ice cream and other major brands this gives them a opportunity to diversify. * Addition of more coffee products and expanding the menu gives them an opportunity to grow * Outside the domestic US markets there are a lot of opportunities for joint ventures.thr planning restrictions can be considered by reducing costs by relocating at super market chains, pubs and restaurant. * Become more of social and environmental responsible brand by better public relation activity,fair trade policies and ethical sourcing practices * Licensing its name through ambient coffee through super market that gives them an opportunity to increase their revenue. 2.4 Threats * Downturn in the economy affects consumer spending, with less income to spend this has been the threats in the recent years. * Criticizing on the web site about companys fair policies, labour relation and environmental hazards had a bad effect on the companies goodwill and has hence affected the revenue * The threats have been increasing by competition from national brands and new entrants, this putting pressure on profit margins. Companies seeks new way to differentiate to retain customers. * Saturation in the coffee market can be the worst threat as the Starbucks in very much linked with coffee and coffee related products 3. Pestle analysis for Starbucks 3.1 Political-Current tensions in the Middle East and boycotts of American made products are strategic concerns for Starbucks globalization plans. Starbucks also imports their coffee beans and thus any changes in import laws should also demand special attention. 3.2 Economic- Economic factors basically concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Current recession has forced people to limit their spending hence this has affected the sales of Starbucks. Also the price hike in the commodities e.g. coffee beans which are used to make coffee in Starbucks has forced them to increase the prices of the coffee. Consumers dont find as much worth in spending $4.35 for a cup of coffee when they can purchase the same size coffee at 7-eleven for $1. 75 3.3 Social- Promoting the health benefits of coffee remains a challenge for the industry and consumers are often confused with the myths propagated by the media. Social concerns regarding caffeine and it addictive properties also need to be considered these days the people are so environment concern that the company should learn how to reduce their plastic waste and use recyclable items. 3.4 Technological Factors -Starbucks has been continually looking for ways to enhance the customer experience. They have also expanded their partnership with ATT. ATT offered consumers Wi-Fi service in more than 7,000 Starbucks locations in the U.S. in spring of 2008 also the use of latest technology in brewing coffee beans to enhance the taste and flavour of the coffee served. 3.5 Legal Labour laws( for e.g. increase in the minimum wage of employees) Environmental law (e.g. ban on non recyclable cups and bottles used for take away drinks). 3.6 Ecological Factors- Starbucks also has a strong environmental mission statement. Starbucks promotes ethical sourcing as well and encourages the use environmentally friendly products. Starbucks uses key performance indicators to be sure they are measuring the degree to which they fulfil their social and environmental responsibilities. Starbucks should maintain abreast of any changing environmental legislation that could impact their corporate strategies. 4. Porters Five Forces Analysis The Porter 5 forces analysis is a framework by Michael E. Porter in 1979 for industry analysis and business strategy development to achieve its organisational goal. According to Michael porter there are 5 major factors which influence the business. * Bargaining power of suppliers * Bargaining power of buyers * Threat by substitute products * Rivalry between competitors * Threat of new entrants to a market. Starbucks should consider the following: 4.1 Power of Suppliers: Starbucks prides itself on its guiding principles one of which states, â€Å"Our Coffee-It has always been, and will always be, about quality. Were passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them.† Therefore, in keeping with their mission and principles, Starbucks must ensure that the type and quality of coffee it offers is always the same. This means they would use the same suppliers that integrate their standards. An over-populated market could also give the suppliers more bargaining power. Starbucks needs to be aware of supplier power and potential price increases. 4.2 Power of Buyers/Customers: A buyer group is powerful if the industrys product does not save the buyer money (Pearce and Robinson, 2007) This is a plus for Starbucks as their coffee products are higher in price and considered a luxury brand. Starbucks is much more concerned with the quality of their product versus price. However; the other consideration is small local coffee companies that were around before Starbucks took over the marketplace. These smaller coffee shops may have their core customers who will not give their business to anyone else. 4.3 Available Substitutes: Starbucks must be aware of substitute products. Given the current grave economic crisis, consumers are vying towards less expensive alternatives than the luxury coffee Starbucks provides. This effect could alter Starbucks current pricing strategies. As more substitutes become available, the current pricing model would become more elastic since customers have more alternatives. Potential substitutes include bottled water, healthy water/juice drinks, and at home espresso machines. 4.4 Current Competitors: While companies like Dazbog and Caribou Coffee appear to be the most obvious competitors, McDonalds and Dunkin Doughnuts are Starbucks tops competitors. Both these organizations can compete with Starbucks in terms of sandwich items and coffee related products. More of a concern with these two competitors is their pricing modules. Both competitors are priced less than Starbucks products. 4.5 Threat of New Entrants: Starbucks provides a luxury good that consumers often scale back on when they want to save money. In 2007, Starbucks saw its shares fall more than 30% partly down to customers deserting it for cheaper rivals. As McDonalds and other chains like Dunkin Doughnuts realize the money in luxury coffee more companies will begin to enter the marketplace offering similar product lines for less cost. 5. Reference To conclude the Starbucks has done very well in the terms of business they have managed to grow within the industry in few years. Ill say this because from a single privately owned coffee house Starbucks was able to expand as a well known coffeehouse internationally and they managed to keep their position in the market. Starbucks needs to keep a close watch on its competitors because of the risk for competitive pressure. Also it needs to develop new types of coffees to sustain the threats for subistutes and also from competitors. They also need to utilize their opportunities to greater extant to be more successful in the future. 6.REFERENCE * Information and financial management, swot analysis, pg 23,10th edition ( Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 2005) * Bob Nelson and Peter Economy, Managing for Dummies, 2nd ed. (New York: Wiley, 2003) * Forbes Magazine. Forbes, S. (2005, December 12). Whoda Thunk It? Coffee Is Hot. Forbes, pp. 33, 33. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from Business Source Premier Database * Starbucks. (2009b). Company Profile. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http://www.starbucks.com/aboutus/Company_Profile.pdf * Moneyweek Magazine. Which firms can survive a storm? Tim Bennett, Nov 27, 2007 http://www.moneyweek.com/investment-advice/how-to-invest/which-firms-can-survive-a-storm.aspx * Brewing Battle: Starbucks vs. McDonalds, from http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1702277,00.html * Starbucks. (2009c). Our Starbucks Mission. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http://www.starbucks.com/mission/default.asp * Starbucks 2007 Annual Report. Corporate Social Responsibility Brochure * Howard Schultz: Chairman of Starbucks Corporation. http://www.marketingcrossing.com/article/220025/Howard-Schultz-Chairman-of-Starbucks-Corporation/ * Regis University (2009). Strategic Management and Financial Ratio Analysis. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill/Irwin

The Search for Happiness in George Eliots Silas Marner :: George Eliot Silas Marner Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel Silas Marner, by George Eliot, the characters are in a search for happiness.   One character named Godfrey Cass is disappointed   in his search when relying on wealth and luck, instead of love, does not lead him to happiness.   Another character, Silas Marner, looks first to a pile of gold that only consumes his life until he starts loving and caring for a child, who finally brings him happiness.   The lives of these characters show that wealth or material objects do not bring as much happiness as love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Godfrey Cass believes that he can use his wealth to buy happiness in place of love that he has neglected to give.   In the novel, he has a daughter named Eppie whom he disowns for eighteen years.   After eighteen years, Godfrey wants her back to fill a hole in his life and make him happy.   He believes that his wealth can replace his missing love.   He admits this when speaking to Eppie, â€Å"though I haven’t been what a father should ha’ been to you all these years, I wish to do the utmost in my power for you for the rest of my life and provide for you as my only child† (714).   However,   Eppie â€Å"can’t feel as [she’s] got any father but one,† (715) meaning Silas Marner, who cared for and loved her for sixteen years.   The lack of love that Godfrey has given Eppie can not be replaced with wealth, and Godfrey’s life must remain incomplete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Silas Marner was once incomplete and unhappy also when he was â€Å"cut off from faith and love,† (602) and lived only to collect a hoard of gold.   He shut out the rest of the world and any love he had for anything with it.   â€Å"His life had reduced itself to the functions of weaving and hoarding† (602).   In this life with only gold, and without love, Silas was an unhappy and lonely man.   Later in his life when he is happy, he recalls counting his gold every night and â€Å"how his soul was utterly desolate†(710).   He remains in this bleak position for fifteen years until his gold is lost and replaced with something to love.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Silas loses his gold, he begins to experience happiness again after opening up to a child.   The child, Eppie, replaces Silas’s gold, but unlike the gold, she requires the love and care of a person.

Circle Of Trust

As I reminisce about the required readings of this week's lessons, I am reminded of the phrase â€Å"Circle of Trust†. The words are simple enough, but the meaning behind it is so profound. According to Palmer, the circle of trust is not just about familiar and comfortable relationships between family, friends and loved ones. The circle of trust is truly about the relationship that a person builds or creates within every space of their lives.Rather that space be your personal life, your cultural interactions or your vocational life. â€Å"A circle of trust can form wherever two or three are gathered-?as long as those two or here known how to create and protect a space for the soul† (Palmer, 2004). Palmers analysis of how important trust is to the soul, is mirrored with the beliefs of Dry. West, Boers, Chestier, and Villainies. In Dry. West's book, Race Matters, Dry. West speaks about the damaged and strained relationships between the black race and current society.He co ntends that if humanity is willing to find a common place in their hearts for acceptance (admitting of pain), for forgiveness ( afflicted of pain) and for progression (healing); a circle of trust can begin to shape. We have to recognize that there cannot be relationships unless there is commitment, unless there is loyalty, unless there is love, patience, persistence† (West, 1994). The idea of structuring a framework of mutual respect, compassion and acceptances of others personal differences; rather it be ethnicity, culture or ethics, can broaden and strengthen the circle of trust.Notwithstanding, in Dry. West's video Democracy Matters: Winning the Fight Against Imperialism, Dry. West continues to stress the value of nurturing the human spirit to be humble and democratic when interacting with all humanity. Dry. West goes on to say this is important because when all human beings are valued, we as a society will win. â€Å"The greatest intellectual, moral, political, and spirit ual resources in America that may renew the soul and preserve the future of American democracy reside in this multiracial, rich democratic heritage† (West, 2005).In Victor Villager's book, Burro Genius A Memoir, Villainies revealed how living as a Mexican American, the lack of empathy and compassion from society disrupted his inner truth and relationships with others. He goes on to say that once the people in his community, his world, and in his space where willing to embrace and expand their cultural awareness; his soul became alive. â€Å"The beginning of all wisdom is to understand that you don't know. To know is the enemy of all learning. To be sure is the enemy of wisdom† (2004).This notion of expanding ones inner circle and allowing the soul to trust the unknown; and the spirit to challenge the unfamiliar can be linked to Arthur Boers' book Living into Focus. In Living into Focus, Boers deems that as a society, we are living our lives in a state of distraction and comfort. As a society, we have become so distracted with technology, gadgets, and television, that we have lost focus Of the important things in life. We are now experts in comfortable and non-challenging state of affairs or relationships.This according to Boers, has caused us to lose focus on relationships, humanity, spiritual and inner growth. â€Å"When we allowing devices and machines to reside at the center of our lives, we displace values and practices that once enriched the quality of how we live. Which end up serving our gadgets instead of using them as tools to support our priorities. Technology itself becomes the center and purpose of how we live' (Boers, 2012). The study of these authors and their analysis on life, family and culture has allowed me to do some self-reflecting.I am reminded that the role of my family plays a tremendous part in my interactions and relationship with others. Come from a Christian background and my ethics and moral compass guides my actions. I have always made an honest effort to treat people the way that I would want people to treat me; and I often have people I work with say to me, wow, you are so nice. To me, being nice and genuine with people is part of my ethical framework. It is not something that I have to work at.It is something that has been instilled and demonstrated in my everyday life. My parents have and continue to be an example of what it means to have circles of trust in every area of life. Remember as a child, my parents would always say, â€Å"when you are in school, you are a reflection of us†. When I became older, they would say, where you go, you are a reflection of us†. That statement has always been the ethical orientation of life. It shaped my relationships with friends, co-workers, my students, my colleagues and strangers alike.I never wanted or want to disappoint my parents or my self, and so conduct my life accordingly. When I am engaging or interacting with my friends or with peo ple in general, my ethical foundation of having mutual respect for others is always on display. This also holds true when I interact with my students. I treat all of my students with respect and value. I make it my mission to teach my students how to treat others, how to interact with others and how to have respect for homeless.My circle of trust is always expanding, and the more add to my circle, the more fulfilled I become. Know can't and don't want to live in this huge world alone, so I try to bring as many people as can along with me for the ride. My dad always says, â€Å"you can't go to heaven all by yourself†, and while you are living, visit the elderly, give to the mother and fatherless, offer a kind word to the hopeless and let Christ be your reason†. I try to live everyday by this motto, and in doing so, I hope that the circle that I am creating is one that will never be broken.

Free Essays on AIDS Research Paper

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, also know as AIDS, is a silent invader. The first cases of this disease were reported in the early 1980’s. AIDS is caused by the infection known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is a microscopic organism that can grow and multiply inside living cells. HIV attacks and disables the body’s immune system the immune system is the system that usually fights off illnesses. â€Å"When the immune system breaks down, a person with AIDS will develop life-threatening illnesses.† (Flynn& Lound, 6) The invasion of the AIDS virus is an individual’s body leaves the body open to an invasion by many other different infections, called â€Å"opportunistic diseases.† These infections are the main causes of death of AIDS patients. Because there is not yet a cure for AIDS, once the disease invades the body there is no way to get rid of it. AIDS is a life-threatening disease and those infected are often treated as invaders although they are the ones who were invaded. Although AIDS first appeared in the United States in the early 1980’s, HIV â€Å"first gained a foothold in humans some fifty or more years ago in Africa.† (Joseph, M.D., 14) At that time many hunters and their families killed and ate monkeys that carried the then undiagnosed and unnamed virus. Stephen C. Joseph, M. D. said that in the 1970’s, when he practices medicine in Central Africa, he saw â€Å"patients with wasting syndromes, atypical progressive infections, bizarre malignancies-all undiagnosed due to lack of laboratory facilities or lack of specific knowledge.† Joseph went on to say that â€Å"most of the mortally ill children I was caring for had a combination of severe malnutrition and one or more infectious diseases. These children were in a way the analog to today’s people with AIDS-they suffered malnutrition to such an extreme that their immune systems collapsed.† (Joseph, M.D., 15) The 1970’s is when the AIDS virus first eru... Free Essays on AIDS Research Paper Free Essays on AIDS Research Paper Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, also know as AIDS, is a silent invader. The first cases of this disease were reported in the early 1980’s. AIDS is caused by the infection known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is a microscopic organism that can grow and multiply inside living cells. HIV attacks and disables the body’s immune system the immune system is the system that usually fights off illnesses. â€Å"When the immune system breaks down, a person with AIDS will develop life-threatening illnesses.† (Flynn& Lound, 6) The invasion of the AIDS virus is an individual’s body leaves the body open to an invasion by many other different infections, called â€Å"opportunistic diseases.† These infections are the main causes of death of AIDS patients. Because there is not yet a cure for AIDS, once the disease invades the body there is no way to get rid of it. AIDS is a life-threatening disease and those infected are often treated as invaders although they are the ones who were invaded. Although AIDS first appeared in the United States in the early 1980’s, HIV â€Å"first gained a foothold in humans some fifty or more years ago in Africa.† (Joseph, M.D., 14) At that time many hunters and their families killed and ate monkeys that carried the then undiagnosed and unnamed virus. Stephen C. Joseph, M. D. said that in the 1970’s, when he practices medicine in Central Africa, he saw â€Å"patients with wasting syndromes, atypical progressive infections, bizarre malignancies-all undiagnosed due to lack of laboratory facilities or lack of specific knowledge.† Joseph went on to say that â€Å"most of the mortally ill children I was caring for had a combination of severe malnutrition and one or more infectious diseases. These children were in a way the analog to today’s people with AIDS-they suffered malnutrition to such an extreme that their immune systems collapsed.† (Joseph, M.D., 15) The 1970’s is when the AIDS virus first eru...

Jianqiao RRR 1 Essay

Jianqiao RRR 1 Essay Jianqiao RRR 1 Essay Jianqiao (Irons) Ye Christy Krumm AE 20C / Reading Responsible #1 Revision #1 19 November 2014 In the article â€Å"A Visit To Grandmother† which is written by William Melvin Kelley, the author writes that Mr. Charles Dunsford is jealous of his brother GL Dunsford when their mother is telling the anecdote which was about the horse, GL and herself. During dinner, he complains that his mother often loves GL more than him. The astonished old lady tries to justify her behavior by arguing â€Å"I did not love any one of you more than any other!† (166). However, Charles does not forgive her at all and rushes away. In this article, it is easy to tell that the only similarity between Charles and GL is that they lived together until Charles was fifteen. When they were living side by side, Charles found that his mother always spent much time with GL and paid little mind to him. Thus, he left for Knoxville. Thirty years later, while Charles is dining with his family, the old lady is still talking about the anecdote of GL and she even asks Charles â€Å"You remembered how t ired we were, Charles?† (165) The old lady remembers most of the times playing with GL but she totally forgets that Charles is not present until he says â€Å"I wasn’t here at the time† (165) and â€Å"I left here in June of that year† (165). Although Charles’ mother says that she loves all her children even though she may treat them differently, I think that she loves GL more than Charles because despite the fact that Charles is much more

Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC)

Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC) Introduction The Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) have the mandate of preparing and maintaining detailed emergency plans as stated in the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). Since the year 1987, the state emergency response commission (SERC), as stated in the Connecticut General Statutes’ Section 22a-601 (b) (DEMHS 1), created local planning districts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Upon recognizing that towns and cities are vulnerable to numerous threats and disasters such as ice storms, aircraft accidents, hurricanes, forest fires, earthquakes, and tornadoes, the Local Emergency Planning Committee prepares for these emergencies besides making appropriate plans to deal with them in the event of their occurrence (SERC 1). The paper looks at the components of LEPT, meetings, and the existing plans in the town of New London. It also evaluates the possible change suggestions and improvements for the plan. Components of the LEPC The management of the LEPT consists of the Chief Executive Officer who is charged with the management of significant emergencies, resource mobilization, and ordering of any evacuations from the disaster. The assistant to the chief executive officer is the â€Å"Emergency Management Director who has the task of managing and organizing the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC)† (SERC 1). He/she also serves in establishing communication within EOC, departmental coordination, and coordinating emergency plans. The third member of the committee is the fire leader (superior fire leader-in-charge). He or she is responsible for the determination of any areas vulnerable to catastrophes that need evacuation. He/she may also order any evacuations as deemed necessary (DEMHS 1). The emergency management communication officer is responsible for coordinating radio commu nications in the EOC in response to disasters. Other members represent the various departments involved with emergency response including the fire department, police department, EOO manager, public works department, emergency management director, public information officer, and health and medical coordinator. The response further includes communications coordinator, warning coordinators, evacuation coordinator, shelter/mass care coordinator, resource manager, town attorney, superintendent of schools, treasurer, military department, volunteer organizations, private utility companies, animal care, and control coordinator among other tasked organizations (SERC 5).Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Meetings An annual review of the local emergency planning committee’s emergency plan is followed according to the regional guidelines. This keeps emergency response p lans for the town up-to-date. The LEPC meets once after every two months with the main meeting taking place annually when the strategies and plans are reviewed. Members are also elected with reports on preparedness and financing alongside normal business being made (DEMHS 1). The last update in the emergency response plan was made a year ago in the annual meeting with the members unanimously agreeing on the changes. Personal opinions The disaster preparedness team is a necessary department in any modernized society in the light of the experience in disasters and emergencies. The United States and the state of Connecticut in particular are susceptible to accidents and natural disasters especially forest fires. In the past episodes, there have been losses of life that could have been prevented in the presence of adequate disaster preparedness. The opportunity is now present with the establishment of LEPC especially that of New London. The organization should however be objective in it s plans and strategies with proper definition of the various roles to be played. Limitations and Suggestions The elaborate plans made by the LEPC are adequate. They will prove effective should a disaster occur. However, there is a little knowledge on the existence of the body among the citizens with most of them being oblivious of the safety measures in the case of a disaster. This seems evident in the previous response in disasters in the recent past. There is also no clear demarcation of the roles of the various members especially on who is responsible for major decisions on the evacuations between the fire department and the Chief Executive Officer. Despite the above shortfalls, the body has effectively laid down strategies, which are simplistic and easy to follow. Minimum possible resources are planned for with a true reflection of the real situation in disasters. The communication department is effective in communicating changes to the departments involved with various drills b eing evident especially in the police department.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given the opportunity to lead the committee, my role would be championing for awareness, disaster preparedness, and response to disasters among the residents of the town. This would involve more adverts, posters, booklets, and setting up of more drills in public places and buildings. A law on safety requirements for various public areas is also required. The committee is a good body/instrument that can champion this matter. Lead agency for Hazardous Materials The efficient handling of hazardous materials within the town falls under the LEPC (SERC 3). The fire section is charged with the responsibility of separating, steadying, and controlling occurrences of risky stuffs until their proper elimination and dumping. Actions involved include evacuation and other me asures relevant in protecting the town’s inhabitants from the hazards (SERC 1). In the event of a hazardous material accident, the person serving as the senior-fire-officeholder-in-charge is responsible for giving directions in the scene of the accident. The other person serving the same role is the municipal fire chief as stated in Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act (EPCRA) (DEMHS 4). The Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) â€Å"under the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC), as specified under Title 22a, Chapter 446e, has the responsibility of planning for any material incidents in the community† (SERC 1). It therefore stands out as a crucial body that defines the effectiveness of any actions taken in this kind of an emergency. Fire Department role The fire department has a central role in LEPC. Its preparedness is crucial in any disaster management. In the occurrence of a catastrophe, the section ships vehicles, workforce, and instrument ation to the place of the disaster. When an EOC is activated during an emergency, the department also sends a representative to aid in planning and management.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also briefs the EOC on the situation on the ground (SERC 12). The fire department â€Å"manages the rescue operations in the scene, determines the need for evacuations, and directs fire operations and the resources available† (SERC 13). The department is also responsible for protecting those at risk from the disaster by evacuating them to safer grounds. It also briefs all the other responsible organizations on the dangers involved especially during the emergency operations. Conclusion The Local Emergency Planning Committee is charged with the responsibility of planning adequately before disasters and emergencies. The membership and roles are defined in each locality with the various members involved having defined functions. The disaster preparedness in the town is adequate with improvements needed in the public sensitization methods. DEMHS. Model Local Emergency Operations Plan, 2012. Web. https://portal.ct.gov/DEMHS/Emergency-Management/Resources-For-Officials/Planning- For-All-Hazards/LEOP/Local-Emergency-Operations-Plan-Resources SERC. Local Emergency Planning Committees, 2012. Web. https://www.ct.gov/serc/cwp/view.asp?a=2591Q=315312

Psychology- Human Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Psychology- Human Development - Essay Example The second approach, â€Å"The native perspective† unlike learning theorists minimize the role of the language environment and maximize the role of child’s biologically programmed capacities in explaining language development. The third approach known as â€Å"The Interactionist Perspective† believes that both learning theorists (nurture) and nativists (nature) are correct: Childrens biologically based competencies and their language environment interact to shape the course of language development (Bloom, 1998; Bohannon & Bonvillian, 2005).They emphasize that acquisition of language skills depends on and is related to the acquisition of many other capacities: perceptual, cognitive, motor, social, and emotional. Obviously, there is no doubt that males and females differ biologically. Yet we have to ask ourselves one question, do we form our ideas of gender roles according the influence of our society, or does biological predisposition outweigh the cultural influence? Gender refers to the cultural and social definition of feminine and masculine, it bears no relevance to the biological sex. Rather, it is the socially constructed expectations placed on a person because of their sex. Socialization is defined as the process by which we learn the ways of a given society or social group so that we can function within it. We are born either male or female, but not boy or girl. Femininity and masculinity do not bubble up from our genetic makeup. The distinction between boy and girl is taught. Therefore, gender is a learned identity. From the moment a child is born, (s)he begins the process of gender socialization. There is no nation where men and women are not gendered. The gender system organizes s ociety in such a way that boys and girls are treated differently, and the expectations for boys and girls differ. Family and peer relationships, schools and religious institutions, and media exposure

Entering UMass College for Bachelor of Health Administration courses Essay

Entering UMass College for Bachelor of Health Administration courses - Essay Example Upon completion of this undergraduate program, I have great passion of continuing to obtain my graduate program. I am really encouraged, motivated and focused because I am convinced that am in the right career path since I have a great passion for this and even have some family history. I have a strong foundation of this field and have had a lot of inspiration from family and friends. I have attended Practical Nursing School in Cincinnati, Ohio, where I received training as a Practical Nurse. Further, I have worked as a Licensed Practical Nurse for seven years. During this period, I have had the opportunity to serve various people in the community and made an impact in their life. Considering that, I have shown quality service to the community during this period; my goal is to complete my Bachelor program in your institution so that I can be in a position to offer broad and better service to people. This has prepared a foundation for my success in this field. Pursuing Health Administration has been my long-term goal, and I would like to make this dream come true by obtaining a Bachelor of Health Administration from University of Massachusetts. I really appreciate your time and consideration, and look forward for a feedback

Desert Exile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desert Exile - Essay Example Since his father received a good salary while working at Mitsui, Uchida used to live a more decent life than most of his Japanese colleagues in the United States. The author also witnessed other Japanese families suffer in the United States; this is because Japanese Americans experienced immense difficulties than the aliens (Uchida 10). Uchida’s experiences before the war were pleasant; as he experienced unity and togetherness of Japanese Americans who lived in the United States. His father could invite guests who would come and play golf with him while Uchida’s mother took tea with her female friends (Uchida 14). From the experiences that Uchida had, it is apparent that life used to be enjoyable before the war broke out. The author seems to have lived happily with his friends and family. Uchida enjoyed life to the fullest since the family could take trips with a lot of ease because the father had a railroad pass that enabled him to visit various places without any restrictions. During the Second World War, the Japanese went through several experiences that brought immense problems into their lives. Following the outbreak of the war, Japanese-Americans in the military had to be ousted. This emanated from the attack on Pearl harbor, which angered the United States and created resentment towards the Japanese-Americans. The faced numerous problems; as the United States government kicked them out of their homes. The U.S. government also introduced camps, which the army guarded by the army in order to ensure that they did not escape. The Japanese experienced problems with sanitation and overcrowding in the camps; as many of them could be confined in small camps. It became difficult for the Japanese-Americans to mingle with people from other racial groups. The segregation of the Japanese-Americans made them experience problems with access to essential services, especially from the government that completely neglected them (Uchida 52). The

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Law - Essay Example It also gets distributed through e-mails, text messages through a mobile phone and from other electronic devices. However, this law was named after a nine year old girl namely Amber Hagerman, who was kidnapped and assassinated in 1996, Texas. It all started in January 13, 1996 when Amber Hagerman got kidnapped, raped and than was killed by the kidnapper. She was riding her bicycle in Arlington, and was abducted soon afterwards. A neighbor saw and called up the police officials, presented them the description of the suspected car and also described the kidnapper. Police of Arlington, including the FBI, investigated around the neighborhood and searched for the vehicle which was suspected. However, her body was found after four days by a resident who was walking his dog. The body was laid on the bottom of the creek bed, in north Arlington. Unfortunately, she was dead as her throat had been slit. (Siegel, Larry J., 2006). The people of her community discovered that the local officials had the information about it and it might have helped to trace her after she was kidnapped, but they didn’t had any way to spread this information around the city. However, the plan was directed mainly on the radio, which was used to distribute information about the abductions. Throughout the alert, the police authorities got orders to fax the information about the kidnapping to two other radio stations. Those two radio stations than in turn verified the faxed information and then alert other radio stations through the following fax shows. It was an effective way to spread the news, but was very time consuming. Amber alert was first implemented by the Child Alert Foundation in 1998. This charity organization established an automatic Alert Notification System or ANS to spread the news in the near-by communities where the child was reported to be missing. Moreover, alerts were sent to the radio stations and were in cluded to the

Housing as a Common Need Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Housing as a Common Need - Essay Example Lastly, the option of renting a house with a group of friends. It is an option that shows sociable tendencies in a person, whereby he puts himself deliberately into a position where he can be amongst others in more ways than one. This tendency is a derivative of harmony, and highlights increased affinity for others within a person. It is purely an option that is driven by the need for recognition and approval. The probability is that the option and its consequences are familiar to the common public; hence adopting this path is no new thing. In fact, doing this enables a person to be a part of a group or a type of person that he idolizes in terms of actions. Renting a house with a group of friends exhibits social supremacy. It depicts the intention of a person to have the want to go beyond limits in order to acquire social recognition. It is similar to another lion wanting to enter a pride. He feels that this is the only way the conflict pertaining to dominance can be resolved - by jo ining the group! With renting a house with a group of friends, the person has speculated a possible response that is likely to come from the people concerned. The individual may not do so in a place which provides him with uncertainty. His prior interaction and conception of the place is the primary factor which enables him to do the deed, otherwise, it would not actualize. The second option of renting a single apartment is the  second best option. It amounts to a much greater hassle as far as the intensity and repercussions are concerned. Options of housing in this realm are actually a type of escape, in which one is venting out the excess energy that is been surmounted due to other pressures and unresolved aims.   Willfully committing an option that is likely to harm another person is representative of suppressed rage and anger, which has not been able to come out in a healthy way.

Report on the Financial State of Affairs of Central Pool and Taff View Assignment

Report on the Financial State of Affairs of Central Pool and Taff View Pool - Assignment Example The important factor for consideration both in the case of Central Pool as well as Taff View is that there seems to be an immediate need for the sales to be enhanced since there is gross underutilization of the operating assets. This is evidenced by the Ratios of Operating Profit to Operating assets and the Sales to Operating assets. As against the ratio of operating assets to operating profit of 21% in the case of Field Park it is 1.55% and 4.60% for Central Pool and Taff View respectively. These ratios are very low. Similarly, the ratio of sales to operating assets is only 1.10%... We can review this report together once you have gone through the basics. We can take up from there for the implementation of any suitable plan of action for the overall financial improvement of the units concerned. The important factor for consideration both in the case of Central Pool as well as Taff View is that there seems to be an immediate need for the sales to be enhanced since there is gross underutilization of the operating assets. This is evidenced by the Ratios of Operating Profit to Operating assets and the Sales to Operating assets. As against the ratio of operating assets to operating profit of 21% in the case of Field Park it is 1.55% and 4.60% for Central Pool and Taff View respectively. These ratios are very low. Similarly, the ratio of sales to operating assets is only 1.10% for Central Pool and 1.34% for Taff View, whereas the same ratio for Field Park is 2.80%. Comparatively the ratios for Central Pool and Taff View are poor. Similarly, the profitability of both Taff View and Central Pool is well below the comparative profitability of Field Park. This is quite obviously exhibited by the operating profit to sales ratio of both facilities. The operating profit to sales ratios stands at 1.41% for Central Pool and 3.44% for Taff View. These are very low as compared to the ratio of 7.60% for Field Park signifying the profitability of both the facilities is not up to the mark.  

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Law - Essay Example It also gets distributed through e-mails, text messages through a mobile phone and from other electronic devices. However, this law was named after a nine year old girl namely Amber Hagerman, who was kidnapped and assassinated in 1996, Texas. It all started in January 13, 1996 when Amber Hagerman got kidnapped, raped and than was killed by the kidnapper. She was riding her bicycle in Arlington, and was abducted soon afterwards. A neighbor saw and called up the police officials, presented them the description of the suspected car and also described the kidnapper. Police of Arlington, including the FBI, investigated around the neighborhood and searched for the vehicle which was suspected. However, her body was found after four days by a resident who was walking his dog. The body was laid on the bottom of the creek bed, in north Arlington. Unfortunately, she was dead as her throat had been slit. (Siegel, Larry J., 2006). The people of her community discovered that the local officials had the information about it and it might have helped to trace her after she was kidnapped, but they didn’t had any way to spread this information around the city. However, the plan was directed mainly on the radio, which was used to distribute information about the abductions. Throughout the alert, the police authorities got orders to fax the information about the kidnapping to two other radio stations. Those two radio stations than in turn verified the faxed information and then alert other radio stations through the following fax shows. It was an effective way to spread the news, but was very time consuming. Amber alert was first implemented by the Child Alert Foundation in 1998. This charity organization established an automatic Alert Notification System or ANS to spread the news in the near-by communities where the child was reported to be missing. Moreover, alerts were sent to the radio stations and were in cluded to the

Report on the Financial State of Affairs of Central Pool and Taff View Assignment

Report on the Financial State of Affairs of Central Pool and Taff View Pool - Assignment Example The important factor for consideration both in the case of Central Pool as well as Taff View is that there seems to be an immediate need for the sales to be enhanced since there is gross underutilization of the operating assets. This is evidenced by the Ratios of Operating Profit to Operating assets and the Sales to Operating assets. As against the ratio of operating assets to operating profit of 21% in the case of Field Park it is 1.55% and 4.60% for Central Pool and Taff View respectively. These ratios are very low. Similarly, the ratio of sales to operating assets is only 1.10%... We can review this report together once you have gone through the basics. We can take up from there for the implementation of any suitable plan of action for the overall financial improvement of the units concerned. The important factor for consideration both in the case of Central Pool as well as Taff View is that there seems to be an immediate need for the sales to be enhanced since there is gross underutilization of the operating assets. This is evidenced by the Ratios of Operating Profit to Operating assets and the Sales to Operating assets. As against the ratio of operating assets to operating profit of 21% in the case of Field Park it is 1.55% and 4.60% for Central Pool and Taff View respectively. These ratios are very low. Similarly, the ratio of sales to operating assets is only 1.10% for Central Pool and 1.34% for Taff View, whereas the same ratio for Field Park is 2.80%. Comparatively the ratios for Central Pool and Taff View are poor. Similarly, the profitability of both Taff View and Central Pool is well below the comparative profitability of Field Park. This is quite obviously exhibited by the operating profit to sales ratio of both facilities. The operating profit to sales ratios stands at 1.41% for Central Pool and 3.44% for Taff View. These are very low as compared to the ratio of 7.60% for Field Park signifying the profitability of both the facilities is not up to the mark.  

Candid Communication Essay Example for Free

Candid Communication Essay Due to the costly failed attempt to expand to the European market, and recognition of the major underlying cultural problems which resulted in the unsuccessful expansion, our team has been tasked with proposing plans for revitalizing your corporate culture. Key personnel, who could have provided advice to avert the flawed expansion strategy, did not voice their concerns or advice because such actions were not culturally encouraged. As an executive management team, you have recognized that this failure to uphold a corporate culture which values candid communication at all levels was the ultimate cause of this setback. This proposal is designed to uncover potential obstacles to creating a culture which foster candid communication, and present a plan of action to alter the corporate culture from the ground up. Question 1: The obstacles of fostering candid communication can be categorized into three areas: personal, physical and cultural. When discussing personal obstacles, the outer layers peel back to find both interpersonal and intrapersonal barriers that your organization will find in their journey to value candid communication. For example, interpersonal barriers occur between team members, such as differences in personality styles or behavioral preferences. Ignoring or not addressing these differences can lead to rivalry, competition and fear of speaking up due to retaliation or further dislike from other co-workers. Though individuals in your company may not like or be willing to work with one-another, the major obstacle is to first get them talking to address their differences. Furthermore, even if your employees hold similar behavioral or personality styles, another obstacle may be that their relationships might not be strong enough to support constructive criticism from others, indicating a lack of trust. The absence of trust is the first dysfunction of a team, according to Patrick Lencioni. â€Å"Trust is the foundation of a team† and the lack of trust is the team’s inability â€Å"to understand and open up to one another† (Lencioni, pg. 43-44). Strong, trusting relationships support providing feedback to other employees and supervisors without fear of future scrutiny. Lack of trust within a group also holds a strong influence on intrapersonal barriers to speak freely. Intrapersonal barriers are those that occur within the individual self or mind but are strongly influenced by their surroundings. For example, without the feeling of trust, employees may revert back to their safety zone by keeping quiet and holding back opinions in order to protective themselves (Lencioni, pg. 195). Likewise, other intrapersonal barriers can be as simple as the individual’s self-confidence level or working with individuals who prefer not to provide criticism for fear of rejection from the group. In addition, another obstacle is the absence of individual’s sense of belongingness to the company, one of Maslow’s steps in his Hierarchy of Needs. Belongingness comes from the company support of employees through personal development and job enrichment which play a critical role for employees to recognize that they and their opinions are valued enough to be shared. Secondly, physical barriers of separation, such as the physical distance between locations, geographic barriers like oceans or even walls between offices, can also hinder the ability to communicate openly to employees,. For example, as your company expands internationally, it will face the creation of virtual teams. Virtual teams are at a disadvantage to build trusting, strong relationships because they do not have the luxury of sitting across the table from one-another to work out disagreements. And, even if they wanted to, it would be extremely expensive for the company to fund trips back and forth across the pond. On the other hand, co-located employees may still feel that physical barriers impede their ability to share from blocked areas and closed doors providing visual cues to employees that they are either not needed or wanted. Last, as your company grows it will face both society and company built cultural barriers. Societal barriers, such as international relations and generational differences can influence the effectiveness of conducting business and building relationships in the future. For example, do the companies that we are working with international hold the same emphasis on candid dialog? Do cultural barriers or age differences enable employees to provide productive feedback or criticism without violating a social norm or without fear of creating adversarial relationships? Both examples of societal based barriers greatly influence the ability of people to feel they can share openly. Likewise, company built cultural barriers continue to obstruct straight talk if the culture does not reward such behavior and the population contains individuals who do not fit the cultural mold. For example, Nordstrom employees who are not fanatic about how amazing you Nordstrom’s is will â€Å"be ejected like a virus† (). Employees who do not see rewards for behaviors or do not agree with the cultural behaviors will not be comfortable to share candidly. Question 2: In order to combat these negative obstacles the company must first create and communicate a solid value structure, mission statement and form committees to help implement and generate ideas. The assurance that people feel valued needs to be the primary focus of the company citing the well known fact that employees are the number one customers. A credo similar to the one mentioned in Built to Last (p. 9) for Johnson Johnson, listed open for all to see, must be presented to the employees specifically listing core values including but not limited to: welcome change, be honest/open, recognize success but not shun failure, treat everyone with respect and spend considerable amount of time nurturing culture. For maximum impact management needs to proactively practice (MBWA) by walking around displaying, encouraging and measuring the success of all these values. These values and structures need to be engrained early in the employees so that the culture will become second nature. The objective is for the employee to be culturally rooted early. This is why the processes of recruiting, hiring, socializing and training new employees is critical, similar to Nike within Built to Change â€Å"the company fostered a â€Å"just do it† identity that was reflected in its structure, the people it hired†(p. 46). Once hired, the cultural foundation has been set and injection into the company’s system will receive little resistance making it simple to promote candid communications. Disregarding early processes may allow people to slip into the company who don’t fit the cultural mold and/or they are not properly adjusted into the system. These outcasts have a possibility of being rejected from the system resulting in employee turnover or a multitude of other problems. Recruiters can ensure recruits fit into the open communication culture by various techniques of evaluation, starting at first contact, including socializing events and interview processes. Events that require potential employees to socialize with current employees at their peer level will help evaluate their compatibility within the system and the employees. Employees administering interviews are encouraged to ask more behavioral questions rather than job function related questions. This will also ensure that new candidates are on the right path to successful transplant into the company. Once hired, new employees are to be indoctrinated with the concept of free speech. In order to build relationships and foster vertical communication, all new employees regardless of position, are to attend a high level onboarding training that is done within one large room. Next they participate in a communication building scavenger hunt requiring them to find and speak to certain individuals within the organization. The new employees are then paired with existing employees in their own department for 3-6 months because it typically takes a while for employees to become situated and comfortable in their new environment. By training employees in this way you guarantee little deviation from expected culture and instill the free speech initiative, making it easier to have candid conversations. People tend to respond positively to change when they receive recognition from managers. Displaying exceptional behavior is often overlooked leading employees to believe that the attribute is not exceptional or essential to success. When establishing a system for rewarding positive behaviors, especially those that revolve around the core values and candid communication, the rewards need to be in high regard to the employee and not necessarily monetary, Microsoft shows this in Built to Change when it â€Å"employees have challenging work and, of course, one of the most highly rewarding stock plans around†¦. hereby attracted some of the country’s top software engineers and marketing geniuses†(p. 47). Equally important within the innovation process is having more time to develop new ideas shown in Built to Change 3M’s â€Å"policies and practices that give employees time to experiment, and its reward system recognizes innovative work† (p. 39). The rewards and time provided for ideas generated will bring about open communication but would be ultimately ineffective in the event that there isn’t a way to evaluate these ideas and innovations. Therefore a committee consisting of white and blue collar workers should be assembled to evaluate and investigate ideas that are submitted for validity or cost effectiveness. To instill a culture that embraces and utilizes open communication candidly the company must have a way to promote and judge the performance of the changes. A committee will be formed in order to set goals, establish who will be in charge, schedule mingling events, enrich communications and ultimately ensure that this initiative isn’t forgotten. The mingling events would serve as a tool to not only build relationships between employees, breaking down communication barriers, but to strengthen and reinforce ties to the company. Some examples of the events would include speed mentoring, company picnics, benefit fairs, blood drives and fundraising events. Next the committee would be responsible for enriching communications throughout the company by fostering goodwill, laying out company-wide changes and compiling and maintaining the medium for communication disbursement. Mediums of communication can vary from newsletters, memos, banners or blogs. In Corporate Culture and Performance, Tandem Computers practices this by displaying achievements â€Å"are regularly recognized on bulletin boards as Our Latest Greatests†(p. 16). Communication transmitted must be professional to avoid wasting time across the organization. Some additional information, including information about the CEO’s family, may be added to show that she is human and the message is genuine. The committee would also explain new product information, organizational issues that might be confusing and benefit changes that might seem to only benefit the employer. By doing this managers can build rapport to increase employee understanding of the company, products, ethics, culture, and external environment, showing that the managers are not hiding information. This builds trust and fosters open communication. In order to facilitate information sharing, the company must utilize various ways of mentoring. Level mentoring should be skipped so that employees get an opportunity to meet with someone above the direct management. Reverse mentoring will be also instilled in the company as the younger person might have some fresh ideas and new tools. Sometimes, a new set of ideas might be the solution to a lingering issue in the company. Training sessions are organized by putting the management and employees on the same teams. Likewise, large group information sessions are implemented to talk about issues related to employees with management information similar to Merck’s communication meetings that are held three times a year. These meetings will have the full support of upper management and are used to open communication, improve the flow of information among all levels of management and to provide employees with information they need to do their jobs better. There could also be an improvement in information sharing by having no doors on offices or no physical barriers between management and lower level employees. Honda and Harley Davidson have an open door policy as described in Built to Change (p. 9). The company should clearly define fair policies and procedures. This will help the employees to know what is expected of them. If employees know what the company expects, it is easier for them to be accountable for their own behavior and contribute accordingly. Clear guidelines for professional conduct will be established by the company so that co-workers treat each other with respect regardless of their position in the company. Also, a process of performance review system will be implemented to ensure the employees are promoting the company’s value structure. A 360 degree review process will be utilized by the company which will help to provide on-going feedbacks to all the employees. This will enable all the subordinates, peers and supervisors to have their input towards the company. This will also help to assess all employees on a continual basis on how they are performing to business needs as well as adapting to the values of the company. The results from these reviews can be used to make administrative decisions as well as to plan for training and development in the future. The company should also not sway from their core values no matter what, as described in Built to Change (p. 4) in the Southwest Airlines example. This will enable the employees to stay loyal and feel comfortable knowing that their jobs are stable. Finally, the company will provide proper benefits to the employees including fair pay based on individual performance, team performance and seniority so that the employees feel valued. A proper organic organization structure will be designed to empower people and allowing them to make their own decisions. This will make the employees accountable with their decisions. A flatter organization structure will be designed in order to enable employees to speak freely to higher levels of management for advice. This will also enhance the mentoring process and help to build effective relationships. After assessing the culture and gathering input, the company should identify the system, policies and procedures that must be either changed or implemented to support the new culture. The new infrastructure should address role expectations, accountability, rewards and selection systems. The company will also have defined job descriptions and encourage people to switch departments so that employees won’t feel pigeon-holed. In other words, the company will also allow mobility within the organization in order to get the most out of their employees and employees will be more flexible. The employees should also understand other roles and jobs in the company to be able to relate to them and provide input for improvements. The company will focus more on team based design that will eventually help to elevate individual performance in the company. Individuals in the company will be cross trained or conditioned in order to improve the overall performance of the whole team. Although the word â€Å"team† is heavily used in the industry today, teams often play a major role in initiating organizational change. A cross functional team design will create mutual accountability for results and joint ownerships of work products. Above all, a properly designed organic organization structure will positively impact the ability to focus, directly affects the communication channels and empowers people by giving the employees a drive to make their own decisions. Question 3: While designing and implementing an effective, company-wide communication structure is vitally important, the activities performed by leaders at all levels are paramount to sustaining an effective communication culture. Managers are the face of your company’s culture and their interactions with their direct reports will be the frontlines of the company’s culture battles. Beginning with the hiring process, managers must be mindful that they are not only assessing the potential hire’s technical skills and abilities, but also their fit within the culture. They must abide by and practice recruiting and hiring techniques that will reasonably ensure that the company is hiring candidates that will express the desired behavior and align with the culture. These techniques could include maintaining relationships with contacts at local universities and recruiting firms. If these contacts are familiar with your company and culture they could aid in providing a stream of potential new hires and would be able to â€Å"pre-screen† for cultural fit. Mangers should openly discuss the company’s culture and ask explicit questions regarding how the potential hire feels he/she will fit within the culture. This will set cultural expectations of open and candid communication with all interviewees long before any are hired. Also, managers should use behavioral type interview questions to test the candidate’s attitudes, trust and ability to speak freely. Additionally, the interviews should be conducted by employees of varying levels of the company, both managers and non-mangers, with a single manager soliciting feedback from all other interviewers regarding their assessment of the recruit. Once potential employees are deemed to be a cultural fit and are hired it is important to continue the initiation process into the culture. Managers need to immediately begin teaching new employees about the open communication culture and submerging them in it. The Container Store, for example, submits all new hires to a weeklong orientation in which they are taught the inner workings and philosophy of the company (FoE, pg. 75). Socialization techniques can be utilized to build the relationships between the new and established employees, understanding that well socialized employees are more likely to share information freely. Managers can organize gatherings of new and current employees to introduce the new hires to their co-workers. Examples would be ice cream or pizza socials in which ice-breaker type games are used to introduce and socialize new hires to their peers. Mangers can also take new hires to lunch with a small group of their fellow employees in an effort to socialize the new employee in an environment outside the workplace. An emphasis should be made at these types of gatherings to learn about the employee’s life outside of the work environment. Other practices like a mentoring or buddy system could also be utilized to engage the new employee in an open communication culture. The focus of these activities should be to build trust and a sense of value within the new hire. Employees that perceive themselves as being valued and have strong trust relationships with their direct reports and co-workers are more likely to give of themselves, that is, to invest their â€Å"heads and hearts† with your company. While recruiting and initiating new hires into the culture is vital, most of a leader’s time will be spent maintaining the open communication culture. These tasks can be broken down into activities that build relationships, empower employees and provide reviews and feedback. Mangers should spend a considerable amount of time getting to know and nurture relationships with their direct reports. Leaders should adopt a Management by Wondering Around system where managers spend time with employees getting to know what they are doing, how they are doing it, what kind of problems they are facing, and what help is required to solve the problems (Dynamic Business Strategy, info from Vick). This type of communication should be seen as an integral part of managing people, not as an additional burden to a manager’s already busy schedule. An open-door policy should be utilized so that managers are available to their employees as much as possible. Leaders should also maintain a database of employee birthdays and employment anniversaries and recognize these occasions with cards and/or gifts. Management could also hold monthly get-togethers to celebrate the birthdays, anniversaries and milestones that occurred that month. Managers should be encouraged to spend time with their direct reports outside the work environment. Informal gatherings like lunches and happy hours could be utilized to get to know direct reports on a more personal level. Managers should hold occasional casual days in which employees are allowed to wear themed casual attire like university t-shirts to kick off football season or Hawaiian shirts at the start of summer. Additionally, leaders could send out daily or weekly e-mails informing employees of what is going on around the company.

Positive Effects Of Homeschooling

Positive Effects Of Homeschooling This report endeavour to provide a compelling information of the positive effects of homeschooling towards a homeschooled kids lives. Modern homeschooling holds the key of an effective method of learning and attaining new knowledge which can be applied in a homeschooled individual future life. Based on the issue of homeschooling, the opposition protest on the practice of homeschooling because of the concern that homeschooled kids are unable to adapt in real life without parents in the near future. However, modern homeschooling that most of the countries have know are implementing a way whereby the kids will be prepared to face reality and have more positive effects rather than negative impacts on homeschooled kids. Therefore, the practice of homeschooling is exceptionally recommended in todays society and this report will also show evidence to clear out the issue of negative effects in homeschooling raised by some individuals in the society. These days, education has been a crucial priority in a family life. It is important as it ensures a comfortable life and a successful future in an individuals lives. Nowadays, society tends to explore possible ways for a more effective technique or methods to educate their children rather than using the traditional way of sending them to normal school and the high school. Parents now believe that sending their children to private school or colleges will have a better impact to their children in the aspect of education. There also parents who homeschooled their children so they are able to monitor their children education by themselves rather than relying on lecturers. However, in the beginning of the introduction of homeschooling, there people who actually disagree and criticize the method of giving education to children at home. Some government also band homeschooling as they fear of development of religious and social extremist. Some people also pointed out that homeschooled kids lacks in social skills that are eventually needed to face real life especially in university life. As times go on, homeschooling are slowly accepted by some governments and has been legalised and became an incentive for parents to educate their children. with 1.7 2.1 million K-12 students home educated during the 2002-2003 institutional school year, home based education is now arguably the fastest-growing form of education, compared to public and private institutional schooling (Ray cited by Jones P. And Gloeckner G., 2004). This proves that homeschooled based education has been practiced by families and are increasing in number. Even though there are certain government who actually legalised the practice of homeschooling such as in America, Denmark and France, there are people who voiced out their opinions and told to stop the practice of homeschooling. This has lead to the question does homeschooling have more positive than negative effects on homeschooled kids? As researches are made thoroughly in this issue, it can be concluded that homeschooling have a variety of positive effects that outweigh its negative effects because homeschooling tends to be better in socializing, became more independent and procure a stronger bond with their family members. This report will show compelling evidence of the reasons that homeschooling have a better outcome in the kids. The research is restricted to countries which homeschooled has been legalised in order to procure a better understanding on its effects on the kids. HOMESCHOOLING KIDS BETTER IN SOCIALIZING Concerns have been rising among the opposition of homeschooling on whether homeschooled kids are able to learn and practice the art of socializing. They believe that homeschooled kids are unable to cope with the advanced socializing skills as they proceed into the real world out of home and into colleges and universities. They have argued that homeschooled kids spend too much time at home with their parents rather than outside. They noted that homeschooled kids spent less time on outdoor activities especially with their peers which are believed to be an important part in developing social skills in an individual life. However this is not true and unproven at all. The opposition thinks to narrowly as they are more focused in the word home in homeschooling and concluded that they spent times at home. The kids are homeschooled but they are not home activist? Homeschooled kids just learn at home but they still spent a lot of their time doing leisure activities outside of home. They are also better in social skills than their traditional peers Homeschooling provides an excellent opportunity to approach socialization from this perspective, because it removes a huge level of daily, value-based-on-externals, chameleon-creating, soul-crushing peer pressure from our childrens lives'(Molewyk, 2010).It shows that homeschooling teaches a different way of learning to socialize which are far better than how learning to socialize is applied in public or private school which has been stressing kids. Nowadays, the community who actually supports the idea of homeschooling have established homeschooling groups and as sociation which functions to host activities for homeschooled kids. A lot of activities have been hosted by these groups to ensure homeschooled kids are balanced in their studies and social activities. For an example they arranged sports clubs such as soccer, basketball and others for homeschooled kids and also hosted games between clubs from different region where kids can mingle around with new friends. This has helped a lot in developing useful social skills in the kids. Furthermore, homeschooling group activities involve a variety of people coming from different places, religion and very importantly from different ages. This exposure to a wide variety of community significantly increases the capability of homeschooled kids to interact and enhances their social skills to a higher level. Basically, homeschooled kids learns more from interaction with people who are older than them and helps develop their maturity rather than their traditional peers who are schooled in public school who interact mostly with friends of the same age and hardly learns new things from them. Moreover, homeschooled kids learn to interact with grownups simply by having interaction within the family. Family members often dont have the personalities youd seek out in friends. Learning to get along with such vastly different personality types in a healthy waylearning how to get real with them, saying what you mean, and setting healthy boundariesis excellent training for dealing wi th different personality types (Molewyk, 2010). This encourages them to be more confident in speaking with people are more matured and teaches them the ways to approach people who have different and a diversity of personality in the society. The evidence stated has proven that homeschooling children gives an exceptional unique technique of socializing that are required to face real modern life and people that are existing now. It also guarantees a better life of the kids in the near future and teaches them to overcome reality itself. HOMESCHOOLED KIDS ARE MORE INDEPENDENT The opposition has gone so far as to speak of homeschooled kids lacks on the ability to be an independent individual. They stated that homeschooled kids relied too much on their parents instead to give an effort to do things on their own. To be an individual that knows how to live independently is important because parents are not always there when they are needed especially when an individual is going to the university where they need to rely on friends and self-learning. They also pointed out that a homeschooled kid does not have the capability to perform or learn new things without depending on others because they were always spoon fed by their parents during their homeschooling days. Moreover, most of the problems being faced by homeschooled kids are settled by parents which causes those kids to have less experience in dealing problems by themselves. As a consequence, homeschooled kids are unable to handle problems and predicament situation in universities life due to the longing independence towards parents that has been implied through homeschooling before. Indeed it is plausible to argue that homeschooled kids lacks in independent skills, Yet other evidence suggest that homeschooled kids are actually more independent than their traditional peers. Homeschooled kids are said to be more independent because they are more exposed to a wide variety of people in the society regardless of age, races and religion as compared to their traditional peers where they are learning things only among themselves and does not have much difference in the way of thinking and handling problems. Their thoughts and ideas are limited whereby homeschooled kids who mingled with a diverse society where there is a diverse thought and ideas. Homeschoolers acquire other homeschoolers unique experiences and are able to implement it into their independent lives in the future especially in college and university life. These variations helped homeschooled kids to feel more secured in dealing with unusual experiences. Besides that, homeschooled kids learn to be independe nt through their parents. Naturally, children look up their parents in building up their style and etiquette. Homeschooled kids are able to familiarize with independent life by observing their parents carrying out their daily responsibilities in the family. In addition, supporters of homeschooling asserts homeschooled kids are more independent than their traditional peers in the way they learn and acquire knowledge by themselves without depending much on others. In a homeschooling environment, kids are taught by parents only in certain aspects of the syllabus while additional information are procured by the kids themselves through other sources such as internet and researches. This is called independent learning. Unlike their traditional peers who mainly relying on what teachers or lecturers are giving and have a narrow understanding on the subject, homeschooled kids gain a better understanding through research and observation they have made. The knowledge achieved in this way are more appreciated as it comes from an individual willing and hard work. Furthermore, homeschooled kids are better in applying the knowledge in their real life rather than students who went to schools, mostly learn knowledge just for the sake of examination and forget what they have learned easily after the examinations have ended. This portrays that homeschooled kids are more productive because of the independent learning instigated in homeschooling as they are able to use knowledge in a sense of deep understandings and applications in their daily lives. Hence, it is proven that homeschooling has helped a lot in the kids future lives, as it prepares them to overcome problems by themselves as it teaches them how to be independent and helped them to apply knowledge holistically in their imminent and challenging future. HOMESCHOOLED KIDS PROCURE A STRONGER BOND WITH FAMILY In an article wrote by Ko, (1997), she had expressed her concern on sending her children to an institutional school which is the Waldorf school and seeing children being exposed to negatives influences there. She also believed rather than sending her children to an institutional school, it is better to homeschooled them where she is able to observe them, hinder them from negative influences and most importantly being able to enjoy her time with them. From the experiences shared by Mrs. Ko, it can be claimed that homeschooling enable kids to procure a stronger bond with their families. Parents are responsible in developing their childrens behaviours. Parents have the authority to control their children activities and outside exposure. Homeschooling are able to restore a critical social function that has been lost in families who send their children in an institutional school which is education to children from family. Homeschooled kids are protected from being affected by unwanted behaviour which is happening frequently in institutional schools. Parents education to children is crucial as it impose the responsibility of the parents in moulding their children for a better future. In homeschooling, parents decide on the children learning materials, curriculum activities and with whom they are interacting with. Parents and children can spend more time together and share their daily experiences which creates a unique bonds between them. Homeschooled kids understand more about their parents and enhanced the trust between them. They learn how to achieve a common goal tog ether through home-based learning and improve communication and love between them. Furthermore, homeschooled kids spend more times with their siblings at home. It develops a close ties between them. Homeschooled kids learns with their brothers or sisters and care for younger siblings at home. They are also able to model their older siblings who are homeschooled too. Sharing of daily experiences improved their communication skills with a wide range of ages and increases understandings among them. Thus, kids who are homeschooled gain one of the most crucial aspects of life which is love and bonds between family members. By having this unique bond through homeschooling it creates a peaceful and harmonious living in the family institution. RECOMMENDATION Homeschooling groups should expose more about the practice of homeschooling to the society in an expo. There, they should consider showing the steps needed to be taken to establish a well-organized homeschooling of the kids to parents. Moreover, they need to introduce some preferable schedules to give parents a starting point of giving their children a home-based education. The parents need to be taught on how to have a balanced life of working and educating their children to prevent any unnecessary conflicts between parents and their children such as lack of attention. These kind of support will surely encourage more member of the society to apply the concept of homeschooling in their lives. Furthermore, problems that has been argued by the opposition that homeschooled kids are unable to face reality of life in the future can be overcome by careful planning in homeschooled families and increasing the number of social activities done outside of home with other homeschooled kids around the world. This will significantly reduces the chance of a homeschooled kid being drop behind. CONCLUSION It is proven that homeschooling have a variety of positive effects on homeschooled kid even with the negative impacts that has been stated by the opposition of the issue. Homeschooling enable kids to procure a better technique in socializing and trained them to be independent and live independently. Most importantly homeschooled kids are able to appreciate family member more and thus procure a stronger bond with them. As a conclusion the practice of homeschooling will be a popular way of educating children in the future due to the benefits that it offers to the society.

Firearms :: essays research papers

Firearms War. Conflict. Famine. Pestilence – these are the four horsemen of Apocalypse as the people in the mid-ages imagined them. They stormed through countries and cities, leaving thousands dead, injured, frightened or crying behind. The first two – the most merciful ones, or to be more precise, the fatal tools they use to make their evil deeds are the subject of my essay. To be precise, I’m going to speak about the types of modern firearms - the ones that a single man can handle and which fire bullets – very simple, easy-to-use and deadly. Revolvers – these can be described as pistols with revolving chamber which enables you to fire several shots without reloading. Revolvers were popular in the end of XIX - beginning of XX century because they are quite easy to use, reliable, and cheap, but were soon replaced by pistols because of their limited capacity and mobility. However, revolvers are still used by the policemen -- large-caliber bullets they use (â€Å"Magnum† 45 or 36 millimeter) can knock out an outlaw at first shot, even if fired in foot. Revolvers usually hold 5, 6, or 7 bullets. There are 2 major types of revolvers: with single and simultaneous extraction of fired shells. In the first case, after you’re done shooting, you have to take out every single shell using some sharp object to push on it from the front holes of the chamber. In the second case, the revolver usually opens up, â€Å"breaking into two pieces† and you pull out every single shell, or the chamber is shifted left an d emptied by pushing on the special rod in the front (i.e. â€Å"Colt† or â€Å"Smith-Wesson†). Revolvers are also divided into manual and automatic ones. In the manual revolver you have to draw back the firing lever each time to make a shot, in automatic it moves back itself, each time you pull on the trigger. Pistol – The main difference between revolvers and pistols it that the revolvers use the muscular force of the shooter to recharge, and on the other hand, pistols use the energy of gunpowder gases and don’t have revolving chambers. There are lots of different designs of pistols, but the principle of work is the same. Pistol’s bullets are usually located in its handle, and are of a smaller caliber than those of revolver. The capacity of the pistol’s cartridge can range from 5 to 30 bullets and pistols shoot automatically, as many times as you pull the trigger (of course, until it runs out of bullets).

Different possible themes in The Yellow Wallpaper. -- English Literatu

Different possible themes in The Yellow Wallpaper. There are a couple different themes in the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Feminism is the main theme in the story. Something else that could be a theme is being confined to a certain area, excluded from the public, can drive one insane. Another possible theme is control. Jane is controlled in her every move. These themes are shown to be true throughout the story. Feminism plays a huge role in this story. Back in the day women used to be looked upon as having no affect on society other than bearing children and keeping house. It was hard for women to express themselves in a world ran by males. The men had the jobs, the men had the knowledge, the men had everything that women didn't. It is different in today's time, but some of the old timers still believe the way they did back then. Wallpaper is a feminine product, and it symbolizes female imprisonment in this story. At first Jane uses the wallpaper to work on expanding her literary imagination. After John shoots down her creativi...

Formation of Construction Contracts

Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Outline of the NEC Contract a) Summary of the ethos & key aims of the Contract i. Stimulus to good management ii. Variations iii. Clear and simple language b) Strengths c) Weaknesses 2. Main Option Clauses a) List of main Option Clauses b) Summary and Comparison of Option Clauses c) Recommendation 3. Secondary Option Clauses a) 15 ‘X’ Secondary Options b) Two ‘Y’ Clauses c) Discussion of ‘Z’ Clauses d) Recommendation 4. Conclusion 5. References 1. Outline of the NEC Contract The NEC Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) (previously the New Engineering Contract) has been developed to meet the current and future needs for a form of contract to be used in the engineering, building and construction industries. It is an improvement on existing standard contracts in a number of ways. ’ (NEC, 2005). a) Summary of the ethos & key aims of the contract i. Stimulus to good management The use of the NEC EC C should stimulate good management between the employers, designers, contractors and the project managers, and also make them work collaboratively to enable them to achieve their own objectives more consistently.It should also allocate the risks associated with the project between all parties clearly and simply to reduce the possibility of those risks occurring. The ECC focuses on ‘real time’ management of the project rather than looking back at what the parties should have done. This means the programme of works should always be up to date regardless of any changes. ii. Variations A variation is a change to the contract/programme of works after the contract has been agreed. An example of a variation could be a modification to the original design of works.In this case, the designers of the works would have to issue an early warning notification to all other parties involved to ensure they all know of any extra costs or delays in works that could happen as a result of th e change. After this, ‘the parties are then required to meet, to seek mutually beneficial solutions to overcome these problems, and to operate a formal Risk Register of notified events. ’ (NEC, 2005). This change also results in a compensation event and a sum of money is usually paid to the effected parties. iii. Clear and simple languageThe NEC ECC is written in ordinary language which is clear and simple and only uses words which are in common use. This makes it easy for everyone to understand, especially those whose first language is not English or those who are not used to using formal contracts. This also makes it easier to translate into other languages. The NEC ECC also has fewer clauses than in many standard forms, uses short sentences and the use of subjective words is kept to a minimum. Also, there is no cross-referencing between clauses. b) Strengths ? ? It can be used in a wide variety of commercial situations, for any type of work and in any location. Clear and simple document which is easy to understand and follow. Nothing is getting tested in the courts so no case law is being built. c) Weaknesses Aled Rhys Hughes 200714325 2. Main Option Clauses a) List of main Option Clauses ? ? ? ? ? ? ‘A) Priced contract with activity schedule; B )Priced contract with bill of quantities; C) Target contract with activity schedule; D) Target contract with bill of quantities; E) Cost reimbursable contract; F) Management contract. (NEC, NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract, 2005) b) Summary and Comparison of Option Clauses ? Option A: ‘Provides a priced contract where the total of the price tendered by the contractor against each activity represents the amount he will be paid for that work. ’ (Rowlinson, 2011). Option B: ‘Provides a priced a priced contract but this time with a bill of quantities. Under this option, the contractor is paid the actual quantity of work carried out at the rates in the bill of quantities. ( Rowlinson, 2011). Option C: ‘The contractor tenders the prices (the target) backed by an activity schedule together with relevant percentages and rates. The percentages and rates are used in calculating the defined cost and price of work to date. ’ (Rowlinson, 2011). Option D: ‘Main option D follows the same approach as main option C, except that a bill of quantities is used against which the final total of the prices is re-measured. ’ (Rowlinson, 2011).Option E: ‘The employer pays for all the resources utilised by the contractor to carry out the works, following a formula employing various tendered rated and percentages, subject only to the disallowing of costs resulting from the contractor’s inefficient use of resources. ’ (Rowlinson, 2011). Option F: ‘Provides a management contract option under which the contractor is paid a fee for carrying out prescribed duties. ’ (Rowlinson, 2011). ? ? ? ? ? The main difference between each option clause is the risk associated with each one however; the risk for the contractor and client will differ for each option clause.The contractor faces high risk if option A is used decreasing to low risk if option F is used. The client is the opposite where they face low risk if option A is used and high risk if option F is used. c) Recommendation The use of main option clause A should be adopted in the contract document for this project. This option minimises the risks associated with the project for the client and all responsibility is then placed on the contractors to complete the project on time and for the agreed price. Aled Rhys Hughes 200714325 3.Secondary Option Clauses a) 15 ‘X’ Secondary Options ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ‘X1: Price adjustment for inflation; X2: Changes in the law; X3: Multiple currencies; X4: Parent company guarantee; X5: Sectional Completion; X6: Bonus for early Completion; X7: Delay damages; X12: Partnering; X13: Performa nce bond; X14: Advanced payment to the Contractor; X15: Limitation of the Contractor’s liability for his design to reasonable skill and care; X16: Retention; X17: Low performance damages; X18: Limitation of liability; X20: Key Performance Indicators. ’ NEC, NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract Option A: Priced contract with activity schedule, 2005) b) Two ‘Y’ Clauses ? ? ‘Y (UK) 2: The Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996; Y (UK) 3: The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. ’ (NEC, NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract Option A: Priced contract with activity schedule, 2005) c) Discussion of ‘Z’ Clauses Z clauses are intended for UK Government clients when using the NEC3 forms of contract. These clauses are additional conditions to the main NEC3 contract and are not intended for independent use. ) Recommendation An example would be for the contractors to request that the secondary option clause ‘X6: Bonus for early Completion’ to be included in the contract to reward them for possible early completion of the project. However, the client might request to include the secondary option clause ‘X17: Low performance damages’ to make sure that the contractors do not rush the job in order to attain their bonus. Aled Rhys Hughes 200714325 4. Conclusion ? ? ? The use of the NEC3 Contract is an overwhelming form of contract favourite and is highly regarded within industry.The use of the NEC3 Contract should be used as a governing document for the tender and subsequent project. The use of the main option clause A should be adopted in the contract document for this project. 5. References ? ? ? ? NEC. (2005). NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract. NEC. (2005). NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract Guidance Notes ECC . NEC. ( 2005). NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract Option A: Priced contract with activity schedule. Rowlinson, M. (2011). Practi cal Guide to the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell.